Camptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic quino line alkaloid which inhibits the DNA enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I). It was discovered in 1966 by M. E. Wall and M. C. Wani in systematic screening of natural products for anticancer drugs. It was isolated from the bark and stem of Camptotheca acuminata (Camptotheca, Happy tree), a tree native to China used as a cancer treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. CPT showed remarkable anticancer activity in preliminary clinical trials but also low solubility and (high) adverse drug reaction. Because of these disadvantages synthetic and medicinal chemists have developed numerous syntheses of Camptothecin and various derivatives to increase the benefits of the chemical, with good results. Two CPT analogues have been approved and are used in cancer chemotherapy today, topotecan and irinotecan.
1. Anti tumor effect.
2. Camptothecin can inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro.
3. In addition, camptothecin has obvious inhibitory effect on herpesvirus.
4. In vivo, camptothecin is mainly excreted from bile and urine.
5. Camptothecin can induce chromosome aberration and is toxic.
6. Treatment of esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer.
7. Treatment of gastric cancer.
8. Treatment of primary liver cancer.
9. Treatment of psoriasis.
10. Treatment of skin warts.
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Appearance | Crystalline Powder | Complies | Visual |
Color | Light Yellow | Complies | Visual |
Odor | Characteristic | Complies | Organoleptic |
Taste | Characteristic | Complies | Organoleptic |
Particle Size 100 | 100% pass 80 mesh | Complies | 80 Mesh Screen |
Loss on Drying | 5% Max | 3.21% | CPh |
Ash | 5%Max | 3.13% | CPh |
Part of Plant Used | Nut | Complies | / |
Solvent Extract | Water | Complies | / |
Excipient | 5%-10% Maltodextrin | Complies | / |
Chemical Control | |||
Heavy metals | NMT10ppm | Conforms | Atomic Absorption |
Arsenic (As) | NMT 2ppm | Conforms | Atomic Absorption |
Mercury(Hg) | NMT 1ppm | Conforms | Atomic Absorption |
Lead (Pb) | NMT 2ppm | Conforms | Atomic Absorption |
GMO Status | GMO Free | Conforms | / |
Solvent Residual | Meet E.P Standard | Conforms | Ph.Eur |
Pesticides Residues | Meet USP Standard | Conforms | Gas Chromatography |
Benzo(a)pyrene | NMT 10ppb | Conforms | GC-MS |
Sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene | NMT 50ppb | Conforms | GC-MS |
Microbiological Control | |||
Total Plate Count | 10000cfu/g Max | Conforms | AOAC |
Yeast & Mold | 300cfu/g Max | Conforms | AOAC |
S. aureus | Negative | Negative | AOAC |
E.Coli | Negative | Negative | AOAC |
Salmonella | Negative | Negative | AOAC |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Negative | Negative | USP |
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