Acetonitrile is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CN or c2h3n. It is a colorless liquid, highly volatile, with a special smell similar to ether, excellent solvent performance, and can dissolve a variety of organic, inorganic and gaseous substances. It has certain toxicity and is infinitely miscible with water and alcohol. Acetonitrile is an important organic intermediate, which can undergo typical nitrile reactions and is used to prepare many typical nitrogen-containing compounds. Acetonitrile can be used as a solvent for the synthesis of vitamin A, cortisone, carboamine drugs and their intermediates, and also as an active medium solvent for the manufacture of vitamin B1 and amino acids. It can replace chlorinated solvent. It is used in vinyl coating, fatty acid extractant, alcohol denaturant, butadiene extractant and solvent of acrylonitrile synthetic fiber. It is also used in fabric dyeing, lighting, perfume manufacturing and photosensitive material manufacturing.
Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower. Heat is then employed in the separating tower to separate the butadiene.
In the laboratory, it is used as a medium-polarity non-protic solvent that is miscible with water and a range of organic solvents, but not saturated hydrocarbons. It has a convenient range of temperatures at which it is a liquid, and a high dielectric constant of 38.8. With a dipole moment of 3.92 D, acetonitrile dissolves a wide range of ionic and nonpolar compounds and is useful as a mobile phase in HPLC and LC-MS.
It is widely used in battery applications because of its relatively high dielectric constant and ability to dissolve electrolytes. For similar reasons, it is a popular solvent in cyclic voltammetry.
Its ultraviolet transparency UV cutoff, low viscosity and low chemical reactivity make it a popular choice for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Acetonitrile plays a significant role as the dominant solvent used in oligonucleotide synthesis from nucleoside phosphoramidites.
Industrially, it is used as a solvent for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and photographic film.
Dufite inganda nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe nubufatanye bwimbitse, zishobora kuguha ibicuruzwa byiza kandi nibiciro byapiganwa. Turashobora kandi gutanga kugabanyirizwa kugura byinshi.Kandi turafatanya namasosiyete menshi yohereza ibicuruzwa byumwuga, birashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa neza kandi neza mumaboko yawe. Igihe cyo gutanga ni iminsi 3-20 nyuma yo kwemeza ko wishyuye.
Index name | Index | Igisubizo | ||
Superior quality | First grade | Qualified grade | ||
Kugaragara | Transparent liquid ,no visible impuriries | Qualified | ||
Chromaticity (in Hazen) (Pt-Co) ≤ |
10 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
Moisture, %(m/m) ≤ | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.024 |
Hydrocyanic Acid % ≤ | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0003 |
Acetone % ≤ | 0.0025 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.0007 |
Acrylonitrile % ≤ | 0.0025 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.001 |
Heavy ends(including propylene) % ≤ |
0.05 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.03 |
Purity % ≥ | 99.9 | 99.7 | 99.5 | 99.94 |
Ammonia % ≤ | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0006 | 0.0004 |
Acidity % ≤ | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.0008 |
Density (at 20 C) g/cm3 | 0.781-0.784 | 0.782 | ||
Copper % ≤ | 0.00005 | 0.00005 | 0.00005 | 0.00003 |
Iron % ≤ | 0.00005 | 0.00005 | 0.00005 | 0.00003 |
Boiling Range (Under0.10133MPa) ºC |
80.0-82.0 | 81.0-81.4 |
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