Ferrosilicon

Ferrosilicon is an alloy of iron and silicon. Ferrosilicon is an iron-silicon alloy made of coke, steel chips, quartz (or silica) as raw materials and smelted by electric furnace. Since silicon and oxygen are easy to combine into silicon dioxide, iron silicon is often used as a deoxidizer in steelmaking, and due to the release of a large amount of heat when SiO2 is generated, it is also beneficial to improve the temperature of molten steel at the same time. At the same time, ferrosilicon can also be used as alloying element additive, widely used in low-alloy structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, heat-resistant steel and electrical silicon steel, ferrosilicon in ferroalloy production and chemical industry, commonly used as a reducing agent.

Ferrosilicon is made of coke, steel chips, quartz (or silica) as raw materials by electric furnace smelting. In the traditional refining of ferrosilicon, the silicon is reduced from the silica containing SIO2. Smelting ferrosilicon mostly uses metallurgical coke as reducing agent, and steel scrap is the regulator of ferrosilicon.
Production of a ton of ferrosilicon raw materials and energy consumption:
Silica: 1780-1850kg
Coke: 890-930kg
Steel chips: 220-230kg
Electrode paste: 45-55kg
Power consumption: 8400-9000kwh/t

(1) Used as deoxidizer and alloying agent in steelmaking industry. In order to obtain the chemical composition of qualified steel and ensure the quality of steel, in the final stage of steelmaking must be deoxidized, the chemical affinity between silicon and oxygen is very large, so ferrosilicon is a strong deoxidizer for precipitation and diffusion in steelmaking. Adding a certain amount of silicon to steel can significantly improve the strength, hardness and elasticity of steel, so when smelting structural steel (containing silicon 0.40-1.75%), tool steel (including SiO.30-1.8%), spring steel (including SiO.40-2.8%) and transformer silicon steel (containing silicon 2.81-4.8%), Ferrosilicon is also used as an alloying agent. At the same time, improving the shape of inclusions and reducing the content of gas elements in molten steel is an effective new technology to improve steel quality, reduce cost and save iron. It is especially suitable for continuous casting steel deoxidation requirements. Practice has proved that ferrosilicon not only meets the deoxidation requirements of steelmaking, but also has desulfurization performance and has the advantages of heavy ratio and strong penetration.

In addition, in the steelmaking industry, the use of ferrosilicon powder at high temperature can release a lot of heat, which is often used as ingot cap heating agent to improve the quality and recovery of ingot.

(2) Used as inoculant and nodulator in the cast iron industry. Cast iron is an important metal material in modern industry, it is cheaper than steel, easy to melt and smelt, has excellent casting performance and much better earthquake resistance than steel. In particular, ductile iron, its mechanical properties reach or approach the mechanical properties of steel. Adding a certain amount of ferrosilicon to cast iron can prevent the formation of carbides in iron and promote the precipitation and spheroidization of graphite, so in the production of ductile iron, ferrosilicon is an important inoculant (to help precipitate graphite) and spheroidizing agent.

(3) Used as a reducing agent in the production of ferroalloy. Not only the chemical affinity between silicon and oxygen is very large, but also the carbon content of high-silicon iron silicon is very low. Therefore, high-silicon ferrosilicon (or siliceous alloy) is a commonly used reducing agent in the ferroalloy industry when producing low-carbon ferroalloys.

(4)75# ferrosilicon is often used in the high temperature smelting process of magnesium metal in the Pijiang process, replacing the magnesium in CaO.MgO, and consuming about 1.2 tons of ferrosilicon for every ton of magnesium metal produced, which plays a great role in the production of magnesium metal.

(5) For other purposes. The fine or atomized ferrosilicon powder can be used as a suspended phase in the mineral processing industry. In the welding rod manufacturing industry can be used as welding rod coating. High silicon iron silicon is used in the chemical industry to make products such as silicone.Among these uses, the steelmaking industry, the casting industry and the ferroalloy industry are the largest users of ferrosilicon. Together, they consume more than 90% of the ferrosilicon. In a variety of different grades of ferrosilicon, the most widely used is 75% ferrosilicon.

In the steelmaking industry, about 3-5kG 75% of ferrosilicon is consumed per 1t of steel produced.

Ferroalloy composed of iron and silicon (with silica, steel, coke as raw materials, after 1500-1800 degrees of high temperature reduction of silicon fused in liquid iron, forming ferrosilicon alloy). It is an important alloy variety in the smelting industry.

Ferrosilicon is widely used in steel industry, casting industry and other industrial production.
Ferrosilicon is an essential deoxidizer in steelmaking industry. In torch steel, ferrosilicon is used for precipitation deoxidation and diffusion deoxidation. Brick iron is also used as an alloying agent in steelmaking. Adding a certain amount of silicon to steel can significantly improve the strength, hardness and elasticity of steel, improve the permeability of steel, and reduce the hysteresis loss of transformer steel. The general steel contains 0.15%-0.35% silicon, the structural steel contains 0.40%-1.75% silicon, the tool steel contains 0.30%-1.80% silicon, the spring steel contains 0.40%-2.80% silicon, the stainless acid-resistant steel contains 3.40%-4.00% silicon, and the heat-resistant steel contains 1.00% ~ 3.00% silicon. Silicon steel contains 2% to 3% silicon or higher.
High silicon ferrosilicon or siliceous alloys are used in the ferroalloy industry as reducing agents for the production of low carbon ferroalloys. Adding ferrosilicon to cast iron can be used as inoculant of nodular cast iron, and can prevent the formation of carbide, promote the precipitation and nodulation of graphite, and improve the performance of cast iron.
In addition, ferrosilicon powder can be used as a suspended phase in the mineral processing industry, and as a coating for welding rods in the welding rod manufacturing industry. High silicon iron silicon can be used to prepare semiconductor pure silicon in the electrical industry, and can be used to manufacture silicone in the chemical industry.
In the steelmaking industry, about 3 ~ 5kG 75% of ferrosilicon is consumed per ton of steel produced.
Melting point: 75FeSi is 1300℃
Ferrosilicon contains a small amount of phosphorus metal compounds, such as calcium phosphide, etc., in vehicle and ship transportation or warehouse storage, if damp, can release phosphine, so that the warehouse or around the population poisoning. Phosphine poisoning can cause death in severe cases.

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