Hydrofluoric Acid

Hydrofluoric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas, a clear, colorless, smoky corrosive liquid with a sharp pungent odor. Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid that is extremely corrosive and strongly corrodes metals, glass and silicon-containing objects. Inhalation of steam or contact with skin can cause burns that are difficult to cure. The laboratory generally uses fluorite (the main component is calcium fluoride) and concentrated sulfuric acid to make it, which needs to be sealed in plastic bottles and kept in a cool place.

Hydrogen fluoride stimulates and erodes clothing, skin, eyes, respiratory tract and digestive tract mucosa. Fluoride ions can be combined with calcium and magnesium ions into blood or tissues, making them insoluble or slightly soluble calcium and magnesium fluoride. In large quantities, it directly blocks blood vessels and directly or indirectly affects the functions of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, leading to hypocalcemia and hypomagnesia syndrome. Fluoride ion can also combine with hemoglobin to form heme fluoride, inhibit succinate dehydrogenase, reduce oxygenation, and affect cell respiratory function. In addition, hydrofluoric acid can cause obvious burns at the contact site, dehydrate and dissolve the histone protein, quickly penetrate the stratum corneum, penetrate deep tissues, dissolve cell membranes, cause tissue liquefaction, and in heavy cases can reach the periosteum and bone, making the bone become calcium fluoride, forming a slow healing ulcer. Inhalation of high concentrations of vapors or percutaneous absorption may cause chemopneumonic pulmonary edema.

【 Use 1 】
For the manufacture of organic or inorganic fluoride, also used in stainless steel, non-ferrous metal pickling, glassware frosting and pickling, frosted light bulb treatment, etc.

【 Use 2 】
As an analytical reagent, it is also used in the preparation of high purity fluoride.

【 Use 3 】
It is a necessary fluorine source for fluorine salts, fluorine refrigerants, fluorine plastics, fluorine rubber, fluorine medicine and pesticides.

【 Use 4 】
It is mainly used as a raw material for fluorinated compounds, but also for the manufacture of aluminum fluoride and cryolite, semiconductor surface etching and as a catalyst for alkylation.

【 Use 5 】
It is the raw material for the production of refrigerant "freon", fluorinated resin, organic fluoride and fluorine. It can be used as catalyst for alkylation, polymerization, condensation, isomerization and other organic synthesis in chemical production. It is also used to corrode the strata when mining some deposits, and to extract rare earth elements and radioactive elements. It is a raw material for the production of uranium hexafluoride in the atomic energy industry and nuclear weapons production, and is also a raw material for the production of rocket fuel and additives, and can also be used to corrode glass and impregnate wood.

【 Use 6 】
For the manufacture of organic or inorganic fluorides, such as fluorocarbons, sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, uranium hexafluoride and cryolite. It is also used in stainless steel, non-ferrous metal pickling, glass instrument calibration, glassware and mirror carving, engraving, and glassware polishing, frosted light bulb and general light bulb treatment, metal graphite milk silicon purification, metal casting sand removal, graphite ash removal, semiconductor (germanium, silicon) manufacturing. It is also used in dye synthesis. And other catalysts for organic synthesis. It is also used in electroplating, reagents, fermentation, ceramic treatment and the manufacture of fluorinated resins and flame retardants.

【 Use 7 】
It is used as a strong acid etchant in the electronics industry, and can be used with nitric acid, acetic acid, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide.

【 Use 8 】
Used for etching glass, pickling metal, making inorganic fluorine salt products and chemical reagents.

【 Use 9 】
Determination of silica, manufacture of fluoride, copper cleaners, metallurgical metallographic analysis, silicon compound analysis.

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Health hazard: has a strong corrosive effect on the skin. The skin is flushed and dry at the beginning of the burn. The wound is pale, necrotic, and then purplish black or grayish black. Deep burns or improper treatment can form deep ulcers that are difficult to heal and damage the periosteum and bone. The burn pain of this product is severe. Eye contact with high concentrations of this product can cause corneal perforation. Contact with its vapor, can occur bronchitis, pneumonia and so on. Chronic effects: eye and upper respiratory irritation, or epistaxis, decreased sense of smell. May have dental acidosis. Skeletal X-ray abnormalities and industrial fluorosis are rare.

No danger of explosion: This product is non-combustible, with strong corrosion, strong irritation, can cause human burns.

Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Eye contact: Immediately lift eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of running water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Quickly remove from the scene to fresh air. Keep your airway clear. When breathing is difficult, oxygen is given and artificial respiration is not allowed, which may lead to the inhalation of hydrogen fluoride gas by the person performing artificial respiration. 2-4% sodium bicarbonate solution was given for atomization inhalation. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Gargle with water, drink milk or egg white. Seek medical attention.

Dangerous characteristics: This product is non-combustible, but can react with most metals to produce hydrogen and cause an explosion. Burning immediately in case of H blowing agent. Highly corrosive.

Harmful combustion products: hydrogen fluoride.

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