Ammonium chloride, a white crystalline solid, possesses several notable physical properties. It exhibits high solubility in water,
readily dissolving to form a clear, colorless solution. At room temperature, it sublimes easily, meaning it transitions directly from
a solid to a vapor without passing through a liquid phase-a characteristic commonly observed when heating the compound. It
has a distinct odor and a salty taste. Its crystal structure is often described as being composed of chloride ions and ammonium
ions held together by strong ionic bonds. Additionally, it displays a tendency to absorb moisture from the atmosphere, a property
known as hygroscopicity, which can lead to caking or clumping if not stored properly. Furthermore, it demonstrates endothermic
dissolution in water, meaning it absorbs heat from its surroundings during the dissolution process, resulting in a cooling effect

Ammonium chloride, commonly known as NH4Cl, finds versatile applications across various industries. In agriculture, it serves
as a nitrogen source in fertilizers, promoting healthy plant growth and enhancing crop yield. In the pharmaceutical sector, it is
utilized in cough medicines due to its expectorant properties, aiding in the clearance of mucus from the respiratory tract. Moreover,
in the manufacturing of dry-cell batteries, it acts as an electrolyte, facilitating the flow of ions between electrodes. Its use extends
to the metallurgical industry for fluxing and metal surface treatment processes, ensuring cleaner metal surfaces and improved
solderability. Additionally, it serves as a flux in the production of tin and soldering alloys, enabling efficient soldering by removing
oxides from metal surfaces. Furthermore, in laboratory settings, it functions as a reagent  for various chemical reactions and as a pH buffer in biochemical experiments.

Dry cell. used as electrolyte in zinc-carbon batteries.
Metalwork.as a flux in preparing metals to be tin coated, galvanized or soldered. 
3.Other applications. Used to work on oil wells with clay swelling problems. Other uses include in hair shampoo, in the glue that bonds plywood, and in cleaning products. In hair shampoo, it is used as a thickening agent in ammonium-based surfactant systems, such as ammonium lauryl sulfate. Ammonium chlorides used in the textile and leather industry in dyeing , tanning, textile printing and to luster cotton.

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Ammonium chloride is a good kind of nitrogenous fertilizer, specially suitable for rice, wheat, cotton, crudefibre, fruit and so on. It can fasten fertilizer efficiency, quicken photosynthetic reaction, promote the suppression of the old by the new, strengthen root and lush leaves, add the ability of lodging resistance, and improve the output of crop.