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Fludarabine Phosphate (CAS 75607-67-9) represents a significant advancement in oncology therapeutics. As a nucleoside analog antimetabolite, it is primarily utilized in the treatment of hematologic malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The compound functions through selective inhibition of DNA synthesis by incorporating into DNA strands, thereby inducing apoptosis in malignant cells.
The global oncology drugs market is projected to reach $333.8 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 11.6% (American Cancer Society, 2023). Within this landscape, nucleoside analogs like Fludarabine Phosphate maintain a critical position in chemotherapy protocols due to their established efficacy profile.
View Product SpecificationsParameter | Specification | Test Method |
---|---|---|
Chemical Name | Fludarabine Phosphate | NMR, HPLC |
CAS Number | 75607-67-9 | - |
Molecular Formula | C10H13FN5O7P | Elemental Analysis |
Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder | Visual |
Purity (HPLC) | ≥ 99.0% | HPLC |
Melting Point | 178-182°C (dec.) | DSC |
Water Content | ≤ 1.0% | Karl Fischer |
Residual Solvents | Meets ICH Q3C requirements | GC |
Heavy Metals | ≤ 10 ppm | ICP-MS |
Fludarabine Phosphate demonstrates optimal stability when stored in airtight container111s at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), protected from light and humidity. The API is hygroscopic, requiring desiccant protection in primary packaging. Studies indicate excellent thermal stability with degradation occurring above 190°C. Long-term stability analysis shows less than 0.2% degradation annually under recommended conditions (Pharmaceutical Journal).
Pharmaceutical-grade Fludarabine Phosphate must comply with USP monographs and EP requirements with HPLC purity ≥99.0%. Critical quality attributes include limits on single impurities (European Medicines Agency).
Industrial-scale synthesis follows a multi-step process beginning with guanine derivatization. Modern production utilizes enzymatic transglycosylation processes achieving higher stereospecificity (>99.5% enantiomeric purity). Current good manufacturing practices require strict purification protocols including recrystallization and chromatography to ensure impurity profiles meeting regulatory requirements (Organic Process Research & Development).
Fludarabine Phosphate demonstrates optimal solubility in aqueous solutions at pH 7.0-7.8. Compatibility studies indicate incompatibility with strong reducing agents and radical initiators. For injectable formulations, lyophilization requires careful excipient selection with mannitol and sodium phosphate buffers demonstrating stability advantages. Container-closure compatibility studies indicate stability in type I glass vials with fluoropolymer-coated stoppers (FDA Guidance Documents).
Identity confirmation utilizes FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Purity is validated through reverse-phase HPLC with DAD detection (USP method). Water content is quantified via Karl Fischer titration. Residual solvents analysis follows HS-GC methodology. Elemental impurities are detected using ICP-MS with methodology validated per ICH Q3D guidelines. Advanced techniques including LC-MS/MS are utilized for structural elucidation of trace impurities (Pharmacopoeia Standards).
The NCCN guidelines recommend Fludarabine Phosphate as first-line therapy for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and as part of conditioning regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Recent clinical applications include combination therapies with monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, obinutuzumab) which demonstrated 80% overall response rates in relapsed/refractory CLL (National Cancer Institute).
As per IATA regulations and GMP requirements, Fludarabine Phosphate requires triple-layer packaging: (1) Primary containment in double polyethylene bags sealed within pharmaceutical-grade HDPE container111s, (2) Secondary containment in vacuum-sealed foil pouches with desiccant, (3) External shipping in UN-rated hazardous material container111s. Temperature-controlled shipping maintains conditions between 15-25°C with continuous monitoring devices included in all shipments.
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