Understanding Citric Acid Monohydrate CAS Number 5949-29-1

Citric acid monohydrate, with the CAS number 5949-29-1, is an important organic compound commonly found in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits like lemons and oranges. It is a weak organic acid with a slightly sour taste, widely used across various industries including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Chemical Properties

Citric acid monohydrate is characterized by its chemical formula C6H8O7·H2O, which indicates the presence of one water molecule per molecule of citric acid. This monohydrate form is critical as it affects solubility and the stability of the compound in various formulations. Citric acid itself is a tricarboxylic acid, meaning it contains three carboxyl groups(-COOH), which confer its acidic properties and make it an excellent chelating agent. This compound is often employed in food preservation, as it has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and extend shelf life.

In the food and beverage industry, citric acid monohydrate serves multiple functions. It is commonly used as a flavoring agent and a food preservative, particularly in soft drinks, candies, and canned foods. The acid not only enhances flavor but also balances sweetness, contributing to the overall sensory experience of the product. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties help protect food from degradation, allowing for longer storage without compromising quality.

Citric acid also plays a pivotal role in maintaining pH levels in food products, which is essential for the stability of certain ingredients and overall product quality. In some applications, it is used as a natural preservative, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and thus preventing spoilage.

Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Uses

Beyond the food industry, citric acid monohydrate is prevalent in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In medicines, it is often used as an excipient, helping to stabilize active ingredients or adjust pH levels. It is also found in effervescent formulations where its reaction with bicarbonates produces carbon dioxide, resulting in a fizzy effect that enhances the appeal of the product.

In cosmetics, citric acid serves as an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), promoting exfoliation and improving skin texture. It is commonly included in skincare products such as peels, scrubs, and moisturizers, where it aids in the removal of dead skin cells, revealing healthier skin underneath.

Health and Safety Considerations

As a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substance by the FDA, citric acid monohydrate is considered safe for consumption and topical application in the amounts typically used in food and cosmetic products. However, individuals might experience allergic reactions or sensitization in rare cases. Therefore, it is crucial for manufacturers to clearly label products containing citric acid to ensure consumer safety.

Conclusion

Due to its versatility and utility, citric acid monohydrate (CAS No. 5949-29-1) remains a vital ingredient in multiple sectors. From enhancing flavors and extending the shelf life of food products to stabilizing pharmaceuticals and promoting healthy skin in cosmetics, citric acid monohydrate exemplifies the significant role of natural compounds in modern applications. Its safety profile and effectiveness make it a go-to choice for formulators, ensuring that it will continue to be a staple in various industries for years to come.