Understanding Adipic Acid Its CAS Number and Applications

Adipic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, holds significant importance in the chemical industry due to its versatile applications. Identified by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 124-04-9, adipic acid is primarily produced through the oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. This compound has gained attention not only for its chemical properties but also for its wide array of applications across various industries.

Chemical Properties

Adipic acid is characterized by its molecular formula C6H10O4 and a molecular weight of 146.14 g/mol. In its pure form, it appears as a white crystalline solid with a slightly acidic taste. With a melting point of 150 °C and a boiling point of 300 °C, it is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether at higher temperatures. The presence of two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) in the molecule enables adipic acid to participate in various chemical reactions, including esterification, amidation, and polymerization.

The production of adipic acid is typically carried out using a two-step process. Initially, benzene is oxidized to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. Subsequently, these substances undergo further oxidation in the presence of nitric acid to yield adipic acid. The evolution of this process represents a significant advancement in the sustainable production of essential chemical compounds, as it allows for high yields and the potential for recycling of solvents and by-products.

Applications of Adipic Acid

1. Nylon Production One of the most prominent applications of adipic acid is in the manufacture of nylon 6,6. This synthetic polymer is widely used in textiles, automotive components, and consumer goods due to its strength and durability. The polymerization process involving adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine forms nylon fibers, which are pivotal in various applications ranging from clothing to industrial products.

2. Plasticizers and Coatings Adipic acid is also employed in the production of plasticizers, which enhance the flexibility and workability of plastics. Its use in coatings further improves the mechanical properties and resistance of products, making them more durable and appealing.

3. Food Additive In the food industry, adipic acid is recognized as a safe food additive, denoted as E355. It serves as a flavoring agent and acidity regulator, contributing to the taste and overall quality of various food products. Its low toxicity and acceptable daily intake (ADI) make it suitable for use in processed foods and beverages.

4. Pharmaceuticals Adipic acid also finds its way into the pharmaceutical sector. It is utilized in the synthesis of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and can be found in formulations where it acts as a buffering agent or pH stabilizer. Its compatibility with other compounds makes it valuable in drug formulation and delivery systems.

5. Cosmetics and Personal Care Products The cosmetic industry benefits from adipic acid, as it is often included in formulations for its emollient properties. It can be found in skin-care products, hair conditioners, and numerous personal care formulations, enhancing product texture and stability.

Environmental Considerations

While adipic acid plays a vital role in several industries, its production has raised environmental concerns, particularly regarding the release of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, during its synthesis. In response, researchers are exploring sustainable alternatives and methods to minimize the environmental impact of adipic acid production. Biotechnological approaches and green chemistry principles are being investigated to create more efficient and sustainable production routes.

Conclusion

Adipic acid, identified by its CAS number 124-04-9, is an essential chemical compound that underpins numerous industrial applications, from nylon production to food additives, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic formulations. As industries evolve towards sustainability, the focus is shifting towards environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring that adipic acid remains a critical player in the global chemical market while aligning with ecological responsibilities. Understanding its properties, applications, and production methods is crucial for harnessing the full potential of this versatile compound.