D-Glutamic Acid

D-Glutamic acid is an essential constituent of the bacterial peptidoglycan structure. The conversion of L-glutamate to D-glutamate by glutamate racemase (GR) enzyme is an essential step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.
There are two forms of glutamic acid found in nature: L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid. D-glutamic acid, is not endogenously produced in higher mammals. It is found naturally primarily in the cell walls of certain bacteria. D-glutamate is also present in certain foods e.g., soybeans and also arises from the turnover of the intestinal tract microflora, whose cell walls contain significant D-glutamate. Unlike other D-amino acids, D-glutamate is not oxidized by the D-amino acid oxidases, and therefore this detoxification pathway is not available for handling D-glutamate.

D-Glutamic Acid is the unnatural (R)-enantiomer of Glutamic Acid, a non-essential amino acid. Its salt form (glutamate) is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory. Glutamic Acid is also a key molecule in cellular metabolism.

D-glutamic acid is suitable for use in the structure-affinity relationship (SAR)-study of GR (glutamate racemase) enzyme and its inhibitors.

He maha nga wheketere kounga teitei me te mahi tahi, ka taea e koe te whakarato i nga hua o te kounga teitei me nga utu whakataetae. Ka taea hoki e matou te tuku utu mo nga hokonga nui.A ka mahi tahi matou me te maha o nga kamupene kawe utanga ngaio, ka taea te tuku hua ma te humarie me te pai ki o ringaringa. Ko te wa tuku mo nga ra 3-20 i muri i te whakapumautanga o te utu.

Glutamic acid is a Acidic amino acid, which mainly exists in cereal protein and animal brain. It is one of the amino acids that make up proteins and is an important nutrient for both humans and animals, with special physiological effects. It is mainly used clinically for hepatic encephalopathy and some psycho nervous system disease caused by various reasons, such as schizophrenia and epileptic seizures, and can also improve children's intellectual development. It is recognized as a brain building substance that can maintain the excitability of brain activity and enhance the initiative of learning. It is also a commonly used food freshener in people's daily lives, such as monosodium glutamate.

D-glutamic acid is currently paid attention as a modulator of neuronal transmission and hormonal secretion. It is metabolized only by D-aspartate oxidase in mammals. After in traperitoneal injection, L-glutamate is catabolized via a-ketoglutarate, where as D-glutamate is converted to n-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Carbon 2 of both D- and L-glutamate is converted in the cecum to the methyl carbon of acetate. Both rat liver and kidney catalyze the conversion of D-glutamic acid to n-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid.

1. He wheketere koe, he kamupene hokohoko ranei?
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