Methylcobalamin is an organic compound, chemical formula C63H91CoN13O14P, endogenous vitamin B12, present in blood, medullary fluid, compared with vitamin B12, its conduction to neurons has a good effect on improving the conduction, can promote nucleic acid-protein-fat metabolism through methyl conversion reaction, which is used as a coenzyme of methionine synthetase, can convert homocysteine into methionine, participate in the process of deoxynucleoside synthesis of thymine, promote nucleic acid, protein synthesis, Promote axonal delivery and axonal regeneration and myelin sheath formation, prevent axon degeneration, repair damaged nerve tissue. Peak plasma concentration is reached 3 hours after oral administration, and its absorption is dose-dependent. This product can be detected from blood, kidney, adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, and gastric tissues in turn, and the concentration is higher, while the concentration in muscles, testes, cranial nerves, etc. is lower. 8 hours after taking, the excretion of total B12 in the urine is 40%~80% of the excretion 24 hours after medication.

Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water- soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Neither fungi, plants, nor animals are capable of producing vitamin B12.(Methylcobalamin).

 FUNCTION:

• Vitamin B12 can resistance to fatty liver, promote storage of vitamin A in liver
  2) Vitamin B12 Promote cell mature and body metabolism.
  3) Vitamin B12 participates in the manufacturing of bone marrow RBC ,so it can be the treatment of pernicious anemia.
  4) Vitamin B12 increases folic acid utilization rate, promote carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
  5) Vitamin B12 can promote methyl transferase
  6) Vitamin B12 can Promote the development and maturation of red blood cells, so that the body hematopoietic function in a normal
  state, the prevention of pernicious anemia; maintain a healthy nervous system
  7) Vitamin B12 has the function of activate amino acids and promote the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, can promote protein
  synthesis,it plays an important role for growth and development of infants and young children
  8) Vitamin B12 can metabolize fatty acids and make fat, carbohydrates, protein can be properly used by body.
  9) Vitamin B12 can eliminate irritability and help to keep concentration, enhance memory and sense of balance.
  10)Vitamin B12 is a indispensable vitamins to keep nervous system function completed and participate in developing a kind of lipoprotein in nerve tissue.

APPLICATION:

[In Medcine Field]
1) Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia and neurological disorders.
Can be used in infant food, usage of 10 ~ 30 mu g/kg;
In strengthening pinocytosis usage is 2 ~ 6 mu g/kg.
2).Vitamin B12 can treat nutritional and pregnancy anemia.
3) Vitamin B12 can treat nerve pain, muscle pain, joint pain.
4)Itamin B12 can treat uncontrolled hemorrhagic anemia, neuralgia and obstructive diseases.

[In Food Field]
Vitamin b17 can be used as food coloring agents in ham, sausage, ice cream, fish sauce and so on.

[In Feed Field]
As feed nutrition fortifier, have the function of the anemia, anemia of pernicious anemia, nutritional anemia, parasites are
effective dosage of 15 to 30 mg/t

[In Cosmetic Field]
Vitamin B12 is generally known as hematopoietic vitamin, with excellent effect of skin regeneration, cell regeneration and blood
generation it is an important component of the promotion of human metabolism. It can solve some skin problems as follows:
1)Skin tired, dull, dry skin and other issues;
2) Significantly dilute the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles arising due to increasing age;
3)After the repair sun, autumn and winter cold, dry skin caused by swelling, peeling, pain;
4)Pock marks, mosquito bite scars, burns burn scars;
5)After use cosmetic surgery to avoid scarring.

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Vitamin B12 commonly used specifications are Cyanocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, Cobamamide((Adenosylcobalamin) and Hydroxocobalamin (Hydroxocobalamin HCL and Hydroxocobalamin Acetate) in foods, nutrients, and feed.

Cyanocobalamin is usually prescribed after surgical removal of part or all of the stomach or intestine to ensure adequate serum levels of vitamin B12.It is also used to treat pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency (due to low intake from food or inability to absorb due to genetic or other factors), thyrotoxicosis, hemorrhage, malignancy, liver disease and kidney disease. Cyanocobalamin injections are often prescribed to gastric bypass patients who have had part of their small intestine bypassed, making it difficult for B12 to be acquired via food or vitamins.

Cyanocobalamin is also used to perform the Schilling test to check ability to absorb vitamin B 12.

Cyanocobalamin is also produced in the body (and then excreted via urine) after intravenous hydroxycobalamin is used to treat cyanide poisoning.

Historically, the physiological form was initially thought to be cyanocobalamin. This was because hydroxocobalamin produced by bacteria was changed to cyanocobalamin during purification in activated charcoal columns after separation from the bacterial cultures (because cyanide is naturally present in activated charcoal).Cyanocobalamin is the form in most pharmaceutical preparations because adding cyanide stabilizes the molecule.

Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyano group at the cobalt is replaced with a methyl group. This vitamer is one of two active coenzymes used by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes and is the specific vitamin B12 form used by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), also known as methionine synthase. 

Methylcobalamin is produced by some bacteria. It plays an important role in the environment. In the environment, it is responsible for the biomethylation of certain heavy metals. For example, the highly toxic methylmercury is produced by the action of methylcobalamin.In this role, methylcobalamin serves as a source of "CH3+".

A lack of cobalamin can lead to megaloblastic anemia and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. 

Adenosylcobalamin, also known as coenzyme B12, cobamamide, and dibencozide, is, along with methylcobalamin, one of the biologically active forms of vitamin B12.

Adenosylcobalamin participates as a cofactor in radical-mediated 1,2-carbon skeleton rearrangements. These processes require the formation of the deoxyadenosyl radical through homolytic dissociation of the carbon-cobalt bond. This bond is exceptionally weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 31 kcal/mol, which is further lowered in the chemical environment of an enzyme active site. An enzyme that uses adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor is methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM).

Hydroxocobalamin is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.It is given by injection into a muscle or vein.