1,3-Dihydroxyacetone

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone, an organic compound with the formula C3H6O3, is a polyhydroxyketose, the simplest ketose. The appearance is white powder crystal, easily soluble in water, ethanol, ether and acetone and other organic solvents, melting point is 75-80℃, water soluble > 250g/L(20℃), with sweet taste, stable at pH 6.0.

Dihydroxyacetone is a reducing sugar. All monosaccharides (as long as they have free aldehyde or ketocarbonyl groups) are reductive. Dihydroxyacetone meets the above conditions, so it belongs to reducing sugar.

Dihydroxyacetone is an important chemical raw material, pharmaceutical intermediate and functional additive. Its uses are mainly divided into two categories: direct uses and indirect uses (chemical intermediates).

Direct use
Dihydroxyacetone is a naturally occurring ketose that is biodegradable, edible and non-toxic to humans and the environment, and is a versatile additive that can be used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries.

For the cosmetic industry
Dihydroxyacetone is mainly used as a cosmetic formula raw material, especially as a sunscreen has a special effect, can prevent excessive evaporation of skin moisture, play a role in moisturizing, sunscreen and ultraviolet radiation protection. In addition, the ketone functional group in DHA can react with the amino acid and amino group of the skin keratin to form a brown polymer, so that people's skin produces an artificial brown, so it can also be used as a simulation agent for sun skin color, and it looks like the same brown or tan skin that is exposed to the sun for a long time, making it look very beautiful.

Improve the lean meat percentage of pigs
Dihydroxyacetone is an intermediate product of glucose metabolism, plays an important role in the process of glucose metabolism, has the effect of reducing pig body fat and improving lean meat percentage. Japanese scientists have proved that adding a certain amount of DHA and pyruvate (calcium salt) mixture in pig feed (according to the weight ratio of 3:1) can reduce the fat content of pig back meat by 12% to 15%, the fat content of leg meat and the longest back muscle is also correspondingly reduced, and the protein content is increased.

For functional food
Supplementation with dihydroxyacetone (especially in combination with pyruvate) can increase metabolic rate and fatty acid oxidation, potentially reduce body fat and weight gain (weight loss) by effectively burning fat, and reduce the incidence of related diseases, as well as improve insulin sensitivity and lower plasma cholesterol levels due to a high cholesterol diet. Long-term supplementation can increase blood glucose utilization and save muscle glycogen, and can improve aerobic endurance performance for athletes.

Other uses
Dihydroxyacetone can also be directly used as an antiviral agent, such as in chicken embryo culture, the use of DHA can greatly inhibit the infection of chicken fever virus, killing 51% to 100% of chicken fever virus. In the tanning industry, DHA can be used as a protective agent for leather products. In addition, DHA as the main component of the preservative can be used for fruits and vegetables, aquatic products, meat products preservation and so on.

Indirect use
Dihydroxyacetone molecule contains 3 functional groups (2 hydroxyl groups, 1 carbonyl group), chemical properties are active, can be widely involved in such as polymerization, condensation and other reactions, is an important pharmaceutical, pesticide synthesis intermediate. Heterocyclic compounds such as imidazole and furan can be prepared by reacting with amidine and iminyl ethers. Various triglycerides can be prepared by esterification reaction. Ketone substitution compounds can also be synthesized. Its derivatives are also a very important intermediate in organic synthesis chemistry and have a wide range of uses: secondary alcohols with optical activity can be obtained by biological or chemical reduction; It is used to prepare various chiral compounds by aldol condensation reaction. Directly used in photochemical reactions Diels􀀁Alder addition reaction to prepare carbohydrates; Preparation of lactones by reaction with 2, 2-dialkoxy cyclopropane derivatives. In addition, some compounds synthesized with its derivatives as intermediates also have the effect of treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and antiviral activity (such as AIDS).

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