D-Mannitol

Mannitol, chemical formula C6H14O6, is a sugar alcohol, is an isomer of sorbitol, soluble in water, is a white crystalline powder, has a sweet taste similar to sucrose.

Appearance: white crystalline powder.

Solubility: easily soluble in water, almost insoluble in ethanol and ether.

Pharmaceutical Applications:
Mannitol is a good diuretic in medicine, reducing intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure and kidney treatment, dehydrating drug, sugar substitute, and also used as a tablet excipient and solid and liquid diluent.
Mannitol injection, as a hypertonic antihypertensive drug, is a commonly used drug in clinical rescue, especially for brain diseases. It has the characteristics of rapid and accurate antihypertensive effect required by drugs to reduce intracranial pressure. After entering the body, mannitol can increase plasma osmotic pressure, dehydrate tissues, reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure. After glomerular filtration, it is not easy to be reabsorbed by renal tubules, increase urine osmotic pressure, bring out a large amount of water and become dehydrated. It is used for edema caused by craniocerebral trauma, brain tumor, brain tissue hypoxia, edema caused by large area burn, ascites glaucoma caused by renal failure. And can prevent early acute renal insufficiency.
As a tablet excipient, mannitol has no moisture absorption, fast drying, good chemical stability, and has the characteristics of refreshing, good granulation, etc. It is used in most tablets such as anticancer drugs, antibacterial drugs, antihistamines and vitamins. In addition, it is also used for sobering medicine, mouth cooling agent and other chewing tablets.
Although mannitol can be absorbed by the human stomach and intestines, it does not accumulate in the body. After being absorbed, some of it is metabolized in the body and some of it is excreted in the urine; Mannitol is more widely used in the manufacture of chewable tablets such as hangover medicine and mouth cooling agent because it absorbs heat when dissolved, has sweet taste and is comfortable to the mouth. Its particle type is specially used as excipient for direct tablet pressing.

Food field:
In terms of food, the product has the least water absorption in sugar and sugar alcohols, and has a refreshing sweetness. It is used for anti-sticking of maltose, chewing gum, rice cake and other foods, and as an anti-sticking powder for general pastries. Dibromomannitol was prepared by hydrobromic acid reaction.
It can also be used as a sweetener with low calorific value and low sugar for diabetic food and bodybuilding food.

Industrial production:
Polymannitol-propylene oxide ether made by pressurizing with mannitol as starting agent is widely used in plastics industry. Rigid polyurethane foam based on polymannitol-propylene oxide ether has good oil resistance, heat oxidation resistance and dimensional stability, and heat resistance is as high as 180℃.
In fine chemical industry, stearic acid and mannitol esterification reaction to produce stearic acid mannitol is widely used: as food emulsifier, dispersant can be widely used in pastry, candy, beverage, etc., but also as coating, textile, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industry emulsifier and dispersant.
In addition, mannitol is also used in the production of rosin esters and artificial glycerin resins, explosives, detonators (nitro mannitol), in the plastics industry as a plasticizer for PVC, in cosmetics as a moisturizer. It is used for the determination of boron in chemical analysis, and is used as a bacterial culture agent in biological detection.
Mannitol (about 7%) is often used to prevent thickening of acid-making alumina hydroxide suspensions, and is also recommended as a plasticizer for soft capsules. Granular mannitol has good fluidity, and when added to other substances that are not easy to flow, its fluidity can be improved, but the amount added can not exceed 25%(weight) of the concentration of other substances.

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indication
1. Tissue dehydrating drugs. It is used to treat brain edema caused by various reasons, reduce intracranial pressure, and prevent brain hernia.
2. Reduce intraocular pressure. It can effectively reduce intraocular pressure, and can be used when other intraocular pressure lowering drugs are ineffective or before intraocular surgery.
3. Osmotic diuretics. Used to distinguish oliguria from prerenal factors or acute renal failure. It can also be used to prevent acute tubular necrosis caused by various reasons.
4, as an auxiliary diuretic measure to treat nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis ascites, especially when accompanied by hypoproteinemia.
5, for certain drug overdose or toxic poisoning (such as barbiturates, lithium, salicylate and bromide, etc.), this drug can promote the excretion of the above substances, and prevent renal toxicity.
6. As a flushing agent, it can be used for transurethral prostatectomy.
7. Preoperative intestinal preparation.