Ascorbic acid

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin, chemically named L-(+) -sualose type 2,3,4,5, 6-pentahydroxy-2-hexenoide-4-lactone, also known as L-ascorbic acid, molecular formula C6H8O6, molecular weight 176.12.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is usually flaky, sometimes needle-like monoclinic crystal, odorless, sour, soluble in water, with strong reducibility. Participate in the complex metabolic process of the body, can promote growth and enhance resistance to disease, can be used as a nutritional supplement, antioxidant, can also be used as a wheat flour improver. However, excessive supplementation of vitamin C is not good for health, but harmful, so it needs reasonable use. Vitamin C is used as an analytical reagent in the laboratory, such as a reducing agent, masking agent, etc.

Vitamin C is a white powder with a molecular weight of 176.12, usually in the form of flaky, sometimes needle-like monoclinic crystals. Odorless, sour taste, soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether, chloroform, petroleum ether and other organic solvents. Structurally, vitamin C is very similar to sugar, with two asymmetric carbon atoms (C4, C5) in the molecule, which can form four optical isomers.

L-ascorbic acid is a potent reducing agent and antioxidant.
Vitamin C participates in many reactions in the body. First, it promotes collagen synthesis; Second, participate in cholesterol transformation; Third, participate in the metabolism of aromatic amino acids; Fourth, it participates in the REDOX reaction in the body and plays an important role in biological oxidation and reduction as well as cellular respiration. At the tissue level, the main role of vitamin C is related to the synthesis of the intercellular substance. Including collagen, the matrix of teeth and bone, and the junction between capillary endothelial cells. Therefore, when vitamin C deficiency caused by scurvy, accompanied by collagen synthesis defects, manifested as trauma difficult to heal, tooth formation disorders and capillary damage caused by a large number of blood stasis points, blood stasis points fusion to form ecchymosis.

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antioxidant
Much of the biological function of vitamin C is determined by its unique structure. The molecular formula of vitamin C is C6H8O6, and there are two active hydroxyl groups on the structure of the lactone ring, which are easily ionized (pKa is 11.6 and 4.2, respectively), resulting in ASC and DHA, and DHA can be reduced to ASC in a series of enzymatic reactions. Thus, ASC becomes a natural antioxidant, and the reaction mediated by glutathione (GSH) dependent on DHA reductase is most representative of the above-mentioned reactions.
A large number of reactive oxygen species can be produced during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and bacterial and virus-induced inflammatory reactions. Many proteins and enzymes require sulfhydryl (-SH) to perform their physiological functions, but the sulfhydryl group is susceptible to oxidation by oxidizing free radicals. If reactive oxygen species cannot be removed as soon as possible, DNA oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and amino acid oxidation can occur. Protecting the sulfhydryl group on the red blood cell membrane can prevent hemolysis, protect hemoglobin from oxidation to methemoglobin, etc. In addition, vitamin C can work synergistically with vitamin E to remove hydrophobic oxidation free radicals in time; Electron transfer mediated by reduction reaction can also effectively maintain the balance of REDOX environment, which is very important for maintaining cell integrity and normal physiological activities of cells.

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