Aniline was first isolated from the destructive distillation of indigo in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben. In 1834, Friedrich Runge isolated from coal tar a substance which produced a beautiful blue color on treatment with chloride of lime; this he named kyanol or cyanol. In 1841, C. J. Fritzsche showed that by treating indigo with caustic potash it yielded an oil, which he named aniline, from the specific name of one of the indigo-yielding plants, Indigofera anil, anil being derived from the Sanskrit, dark-blue.

Aniline, also known as anilin oil, aminobenzene, heating to 370°C decomposition. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
Aniline is one of the most important amines. Mainly used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, resins, but also can be used as rubber curing accelerator. It can also be used as a black dye itself. Its derivative methyl orange can be used as an indicator for acid-base titration.  

 Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.
Chemically, it is considered an electron-rich benzene derivative, and as a consequence, reacts rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening of the sample (to yellow or red) due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Like other amines, aniline is a base (pKaH = 4.6) and nucleophile, although it is a weaker base and poorer nucleophile than structurally similar aliphatic amines.

Aniline is predominantly used for the preparation of methylenedianiline and related compounds by condensation with formaldehyde.
The diamines are condensed with phosgene to give methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, a precursor to urethane polymers.

Other uses include rubber processing chemicals (9%), herbicides (2%), and dyes and pigments (2%).As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives such as phenylenediamines and diphenylamine, are antioxidants. The principal use of aniline in the dye industry is as a precursor to indigo, the blue of blue jeans.

Tá go leor monarchana ardchaighdeáin againn le comhar domhain, ar féidir leo táirgí ardchaighdeáin agus praghsanna iomaíocha a sholáthar duit. Agus is féidir linn lascainí a thabhairt freisin le haghaidh ceannach mórchóir. Tá an t-am seachadta thart ar 3-20 lá tar éis an íocaíocht a dhaingniú.

Nature:
Aniline is a colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor at room temperature.
- It is soluble in water and organic solvents and has a strong alkalinity.
Aniline is a strong reducing agent that reacts violently with oxidants such as oxygen and chlorine.
- It oxidizes easily and gradually darkens when exposed to air.

Purpose:
Aniline is widely used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, plastics and rubber.
- It is an important raw material for the production of synthetic fibers, rubber antioxidants, pesticides, etc.
Aniline is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and is used in the pharmaceutical industry to synthesize a variety of drugs.

Preparation:
Aniline is usually prepared by reduction of benzene nitric acid or epoxidation of aromatic amines.
Benzene nitrate reduction is the most common method for preparing aniline, which is obtained by the reaction of benzene nitric acid with a reducing agent such as sulfite.

The applications of aniline include:
1. Production of dyes: Aniline is used as a starting material for the production of various dyes, such as indigo, azo dyes, and others.
2. Rubber processing: Aniline is used in the production of rubber processing chemicals, such as accelerators and vulcanizing agents.
3. Pharmaceutical industry: Aniline is used as a starting material for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, such as paracetamol, sulfa drugs, and others.
4. Polymer industry: Aniline is also used as a monomer in the production of various polymers, such as nylon and polyurethane.
5. Laboratory reagent: Aniline is used as a reagent for various laboratory experiments, such as in the determination of carbonyl groups and other applications.
6. Explosives: Aniline is used in the production of certain explosives, such as TNT (trinitrotoluene).
7. Pesticides: Aniline is used in the production of certain pesticides, such as herbicides and fungicides.
8. Photography: Aniline is used as a developing agent in black and white photography.
9. Chemical intermediate: Aniline is used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, such as rubber antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and others.